Peru: History and Heritage
History of Peru
Peru tours take you to the heart of the most ancient and important civilization in the Americas. Evidence of human activity dates back several millennia to around 12,000 BCE, although little is known of these early inhabitants.
Andean cultures
In the southern Andes, the Tiwanaku culture were in power whilst the northern Andes were home to the mysterious Chachapoyas empire.
The most famous civilization of Peru was also the shortest-lived – the Inca Empire. Fierce warriors and conquerors, the Inca defeated a majority of other civilizations, consolidated their empire around 1300 AD, and built their capital in Cusco. Visit the most famous Incan ruins on your own Machu Picchu vacation. However Incan domain was to decline as fast as it rose with the arrival of Spanish conquistadors in 1532. Francisco Pizarro is famous for conquering a weakened Inca empire with just 100 soldiers! For the centuries that followed, the Viceroyalty of Peru became the most important region of the Spanish colonial empire with Lima as the capital.
Modern history of Peru
In 1820 Argentine liberator Jose de San Martin arrived with troops, occupying Lima and declaring independence from Spain. However independence would not be won until 1824 when royalist forces were defeated. A period of political instability followed. In 1879, Peru and its ally Bolivia, fought the War of the Pacific against Chile. The war ended in humiliation for Peru and they were forced to sign over territory to the Chileans.
In the 20th century CE Peru faced major economic and political upheavals, especially in the later decades when the country was plagued with inflation as well as terrorist threats from the Shining Path militant group. Between 1990 and 2000, the controversial Peruvian president Alberto Fujimori, did much to curb inflation and get the economy back on track, although he was considered a dictator.
Peru travel tips
In the 21st century, modern Peru is on a positive upward trend with political stability, declining poverty, and a growing economy.
Top Peru Travel Tip – History:
Evidence of more advanced cultures from around 1250 BCE, such as the Chavin, Chimu, Nazca, Moche and Paracas, have been found, and you can visit their ruins on your private Peru tours.
From the Blog
How about a luxury train ride through the towering Andes Mountains? Embark on one of the last great adventures! The Belmond Andean Explorer takes you on a journey along one of the world’s highest rail routes to discover the breathtaking beauty of the Peruvian Andes. Travel with elegance and style on a glamorous rail journey that…
It is often said that Argentina provides the show and Brazil enjoys the view of the Iguazú Falls, with Brazil dominating the panoramic side having several viewing walkways! So, which is the best side?
There are many cultural norms when you travel in South America. How you tip is just one of them. Whether you wish to tip at a restaurant, cafe, in a hotel or your driver, check out our top tips for tipping before you embark on customized South America tours.
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Popular Trips to Peru
Best Places To Visit
Culture
Discover the fascinating and rich cultural heritage of Peru, with an incredible blend of strong indigenous roots and Spanish colonial influence.
Cuisine
Peru is one of the top gastronomic destinations in the world with creative young chefs defining a new Peruvian cuisine that reflects the bounty of natural resources and various cultural influences.
Best Time To Visit
Expect a variety of climatic zones during Peru holidays with a climate that differs greatly from one region to another.
